٭ "Letter from a Birmingham city jail" by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

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During the spring of 1963, civil rights protests erupted across the US; the Justice Department estimated that at least 758 demonstrations in 186 cities in 11 southern states, in which nearly 15,000 persons were arrested, took place in a period of just 10 weeks. For most of the his first two years in office, Kennedy had evaded taking a strong stance because he did not want to alienate southern voters and politicians, whose support he needed to enact the rest of domestic and foreign policy agenda. But his inability to squelch the protest convinced him that he had to act. In a nationally televised address, Kennedy delivered the strongest pro-civil rights speech by a president in modern American history. Proclaiming that the nation had a moral obligation to combat racism, Kennedy proposed sweeping civil rights legislation that would outlaw discrimination in public accommodation and provide protection for civil rights activists. Such legislation was enacted after Kennedy's assassination.
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